The Saga of Valor – Our PVCs
The Badgam Battle
Major Somnath Sharma was born at Palampur located in Kangra Hills of Himachal Pradesh. There are two tiny areas at either end of our country, which can boast of their outstanding traditions in soldiering. One is Coorg down South and other is Kangra valley up in the North. Both have produced chain of fine generals and brave fighters, who have humbled the Death in their final moment of sacrifice.
Major Somnath was born on31 January 1923. He was the elder son of Maj. Gen. Amarnath Sharma and was commissioned in the Kumaon Regiment in 1942 and fought in II World, on Burma Front in the Aarakan Operations against the Japanese. In November 1947, this seasoned soldier was destined to repeat his valorous performance, yet once again against marauding tribesmen, hired by our erstwhile brother – Pakistan, in J&K. This was the final bowing- out act, by this brave Gladiator.
After our Independence on 15th August1947, Sardar Vallabbahai Patel, as our first Union Home Minister, got down to merger of the existing 565 Princely States into Indian Union. It was an onerous task involving all three approaches –mild, strong and severe. With Vallabhbhai’s tactful handling of this challenging and Home Secretary V.P.Menon’s thorough follow-up, this task was completed in 40 days, barring five states – Hyderabad, Junagarh, Mangrol,Manavdar and J&K. First four were land-locked in Indian Territory and here rulers were Muslims whereas the citizens were of Hindu majority. J&K, on the other hand, was surrounded by Pakistan and though the rulers were Hindus, the majority of its citizens were Muslims. This seeded the ambition of remaining as an independent entity between India and Pakistan in the minds of the King Hari Singh and Sheikh Abdulla, the most prominent leader and grand-and father of present Chief Minister of J&K.
Pakistan on the other hand kept on giving pin-pricks of minor intrusions and skirmishes for which the state government issued routine protests and reminders. While this was going on, Pakistani rulers, headed by Mr. Jinnah installed an ambitious and experienced strategist, Maj. Gen. Akbar Khan to usurp by guile and force. Hari Singh and Abdullah, oblivious of the reality, kept on dithering over signing the
deed of accession. The State and India paid very heavy price for this ‘greed of the few’ which will unfold itself in the narrative that follows.
Akbar Khan launched swift and ferocious “Operation Gulmarg”, which was preceded by pre-emptive capture of Domel Out- Post by cunning and treason. He subverted the loyalties of the Muslim soldiers of the State Army, who killed their Hindu colleagues on the Night of 21st October 1947 and opened the gates of J&K state to the marauding tribal looters who were officered and directed by the Pakistani Officers, in civil garb. This was as per the plan of Akbar khan, which was hatched and worked out in details at Rawalpindi, in GHQ of Pakistan Army. (It is indeed surprising to see this ‘ one track minde- dness of the Pakistan Army generals, which continues even today.)
The marauders reached Uri after the arrival of Brig. Rajendra Singh of the State Army, who had gone there with only 200 soldiers and blown up the only bridge that existed, on the highway. Pak Army Engineers put another temporary bridge but it delayed their rush by another twenty four precious hours. Brig. Rajendra Singh was killed in this action.
The tribal marauders reached Baramulla and indulged in total savagery for 72 hours. They were out of control of Pak Army officers, conducting the operation. They looted every house and raped every woman, they came across. They even raped nuns of the local church, murdered them and deposited their bodies in the church well. They annihilated 5000 to 7000 locals, working in shifts, for 72 hours. It is now that the King and his confidants woke up visualized the doom’s day that was fast approaching. Rape of Baramulla had given them jitters. Sheikh Abdulla forced Hari Singh’s hand the sign the Instrment of Accession on 26 October 1948 and J&K became integral part of India. However we had to pay very heavy price for this dragging of feet by the King. By then J&K had lost 1/3rd of its territory to Pakistani thugs and the Indian Army the precious blood of its gallant warriors.
Those days Northern routes, which now are in Pak territory, were mainly used for trade and other traffic. Road through Jammu, Udhampur, Banihal and onward to Srinagar was in a bad state and was unfit for swift movement of troops, equipment and heavy weapons. The criticality of situation left only one option of airlift open to the Government of India. At this stage, they performed a miracle. With mustering in of the Dakotas(DC-3), belonging to private air traffic companies, they managed to airlift 1st Sikh Battalion, who on landing at wee hours on 27 October 1947, immediately deployed protecting the air field and blocking all major approaches to Srinagar and thwarted enemy’s major movement on main Baramulla- Srinagar Axis, by putting a road-block near Pattan. This forced the raiders to split in smaller parties and reach Srinagar, their ‘Jannat’, through probing attacks from flanks.
161 Infantry Brigade comprising of 4thKumaon Battalion,1st Punjab Battalion and 1st Kumaon Battalion with 13 field Regiment of the Artillery and 7th light Cavalry landed on the busy airport in next three days. Seasoned, Brig. L.P. Sen was in charge of the operations. Our Indian Civil Aviation deserves a battle honour for this out standing service, replete with the risk to the lives of their resilient and hardy pilots.
Maj. Somnath Sharma along with his D Company of 4 Kumaon landed at Srinagar air field on 31 October 1947 and was immediately dispersed to reconnoiter and establish in the areas around the North of Srinagar. Only a few days back, Maj. Somnath had fractured his hand while playing hockey in the unit but on his insistence of not staying away from his troops while proceeding to battle front, he managed to accompany them as their commander with one hand in plaster.
On fateful day of 3rd November, Major Somnath and his D Company were part of a fighting patrol, which was sent to the North of Airfield in the Area of Badgam. The patrol established its ‘firm base’ at Badgam by 0930 hrs and extensive patrolling was done till mid-day. As no enemy was traced in and around Badgam, at 1400 hrs, two companies were withdrawn to Srinagar, leaving D company behind to remain in position till 1500 hrs. At 1435 hrs, D company came under fire from a portion of Badgam village. Fearing loss to civilians’ lives Maj. Somnath did not engage the target and immediately put his Brigade Commander in picture. Almost at the same time, large force of enemy, estimated around 700 in strength, came up from a depression in the West and attacked D Company with intense fire of small arms, mortars and heavy machine guns. Accurate enemy fire at close range took heavy toll of D company, trapped in this unexpected and sudden fire. This development now posed a serious threat to the area of vital importance – The city of Srinagar. Disregarding his personal safety, Maj.Somnath kept on running between his sections guiding and cheering them up in their tryst with death. He also laid cloth panels on ground to direct fire of IAF planes on to the enemy groups and clusters. The company held on for six endless hours against the heaviest odds.
With enemy reducing the firing capability of his company, Maj. Somnath, with his right hand in plaster, set himself upon the task of refilling the emptied LMG magazines and handing them to the light machine gunners. While he was thus engaged, enemy mortar shell fell on the stock of ammunition near him. His last message to the Brigade H.Q., shortly before he was killed read thus,” The enemy are only 50 yards airfrom us.We are heavily outnumbered. We are under devastating fire. I shall not withdraw an inch but will fight to our last man and last round.” These inspiring last lines from the Colossus of Courage have now become Indian Army’s heritage possession and folklore which is passed from generation to generation. Maj. Somnath stared straight in the face of death for some precious hours and waged a ferocious battle against heavy odds. Commander 161 Infantry Brigade was able to reinforce the airfield area by moving 1st Punjab from Magam to Humahom, which is between Badgam and airfield, thereby warding off the threat to the forever. This became possible only due to the bravery and sacrifice of Maj. Somnath Sharma, upholding the best traditions of soldiering. He was awarded the First Param Vir Chakra Medal for his supreme sacrifice, leadership and devotion to duty, displaying an out-standing example of courage and fortitude.
1. It still remains a mystery as to why Brig. Rajendra Singh of J&K State forces made a dash to Uri only with 200 soldiers on that fateful night of 22 October 1947, when there were 2000 soldiers available in Srinagar Garrison. Had he taken a sizeable strength and fought a defensive battle at Uri, it might have changed the course of future events in J&K.
2. Maharaja Hari Singh was advised to merge his kingdom with either India or Pakistan, as his independent existence was not viable and could have attracted confrontation of various interested powers including Russia and heavy weights from Europe. It was a historically acknowledged strategic area. However, myopic Raja was seeing the dreams of turning his kingdom into another ‘Switzerland with its international neutral and immune status.’ He did not wake up to the reality for over two months, despite frequent border incursions by Pak Army that was watching his reactions. He stopped playing the fiddle of his wavering mind when hoards of terrified refugees from Baramulla told of their ghastly experiences at the hands of tribal looters and bandits, who were hired by Pakistan to usurp entire J&K, through a proxy war. Panicked and disillusioned king then signed the Instrument of Accession, without any further ado on 26 October 1947
3. Param Vir Chakra – Medal and Its Maharashtra Connection.
Pt. Nehru desired to institute an equivalent of Victoria Cross medal for recognition of valor and sacrifice of our war heroes. He directed Gen. Atal, then Adjutant General at Army HQ, to go ahead with the task. Mrs. Savitri Khanolkar, wife of Vikram Khanolkar, an Indian Army officer (erstwhile Eva Yuonne Linda Maday-de-maros, born to Hungarian father and Russian Mother) was entrusted with and executed this task. Coincidentally, the first recipient of the coveted award that she designed, was none else than her own son-in-law. Maj. Somnath Sharma was wedded to Miss. Khanolkar, daughter of Vikram and Savitri Khanolkar.
The medal is a circular bronze disc 1.375 inches(3.49 cm) I diameter. The state em blem appears in the center, on a raised circle. Surrounding this, four replicas of Lord Indra’s Vajra.(All powerful mythic weapon of Gods, that was made from the bones of Sage Dadhichi, which he himself had willingly donated). The decoration is suspended from a straight swiveling suspended bar. It is named on the edge. The medal has an image of Bhavani Sword of Chatrapati Shivaji the Great, on its reverse, with words Param Vir Chakra, engraved in English and Devnagari scripts.
4. We can not just overlook the great feat valor and supreme sacrifice by Lt. Col Ranjit Rai, the CO of 1st Sikh Battalion. He, along with his battalion, was airlifted, in a swift action and was landed at Srinagar Airfield, at dawn, on 27th October 19, within 12 hours of signing of the Instrument of Accession. For next 72 hours this was sole presence of the Indian Army in J&K. Flood-gates had already been opened for the savage raiders and Col. Rai was given the task to stall their movement ahead, till the arrival of the brigade. He took positions in the Area South of Baramulla but had to fall back under pressure to occupy more formidable defendable position near Pattan. He did so with a tactical perfection but at the cost of his life. He became martyr and rallied forth by his courage, his Paltan held on and stalled the Raiders’ onslaught till 161 Infantry Brigade came and reinforced them. Lt Col Ranjit Rai was awarded first Maha Vir Chakra for his outstanding bravery and devotion to duty.